Next Generation Border Crossing: ePassports and Their Impact on Border Control

The effect of border-crossing pollutants on fetal health and international measures to restrict them

Abstract: Although advances in science and technology has many benefits for human life, but it has significant disadvantages, too. The radioactive materials, nuclear energy and their use for non-human issues, hazardous wastes from various industries etc. are the major factors that can be serious threats to human health and modern fetuses’ health who are the next generation of earth habitants. I...

A Survey on the Evolution of Cryptographic Protocols in ePassports

ePassports are biometric identification documents that contain RFID Tags and are primarily used for border security. The embedded RFID Tags are capable of storing data, performing low cost computations and cryptography, and communicating wirelessly. Since 2004, we have witnessed the development and widespread deployment of three generations of electronic passports The ICAO First Generation ePas...

Informal International Border Crossing, Refugee and Illegal Migrant Workers: Issue in Travel Medicine

Service time variability at the Blaine, Washington international border crossing and the impact on regional supply chains

Service times at vehicle processing facilities (borders, weigh stations, landside marine port gates) are variable, thereby causing transportation planning challenges for companies that regularly visit them. Companies must either build more time into their schedule than is necessary, therefore underutilizing their equipment, or risk missing delivery windows pr exceeding hours of service regulati...

Border Crossing for Physician Services: Implications for Controlling Expenditures

In this article, the authors explore geographic border crossing for the use of Medicare physician services. Using data from the 1988 Part B Medicare Annual Data (BMAD) file, they find that there is substantial geographic variation across both States and urban and rural areas in border crossing to seek services. As might be expected, there is more border crossing among smaller geographic areas t...